上海城市大风时空分布特征及基于实时灾情的影响分析
作者:
作者单位:

上海市气象灾害防御技术中心

作者简介:

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

基金项目:


Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Shanghai Urban Gales and Correlative Impact Analysis Based on Real-Time Disasters
Author:
Affiliation:

Shanghai Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology

Fund Project:

  • 摘要
  • |
  • 图/表
  • |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献
  • |
  • 相似文献
  • |
  • 引证文献
  • |
  • 文章评论
  • |
  • 资源附件
    摘要:

    本文利用2008-2019年的上海市自动站小时极大风速数据和上海市应急联动平台的实时大风灾情数据,分析了上海城市大风和灾情的时空分布特征及联系,探讨了上海城市大风的影响。研究表明:(1)城市大风及致灾呈现明显的季节变化,8级大风日、极大风速和灾情变化都呈现夏季单峰型。夏季大风日占全年的41%,大风灾情占全年的80%以上。大风灾情的年际变化波动较大,主要是受极端天气影响。(2)城市大风及致灾体现出明显的城郊差异:Ⅰ)受城市化影响中心城区风速明显偏小;Ⅱ)灾情密度在中心城区最高(可达37件/km2),在区域中心及副中心也相对偏高,研究发现各区灾情数和人口、GDP都呈正相关关系;Ⅲ)房屋类承灾在中心城区和周围区域相对突出,在崇明区最不明显。(3)城市致灾大风天气可分为江淮气旋大风、雷雨大风、热带气旋大风和冷空气大风四类,其中雷雨大风发生最频繁,热带气旋大风的致灾程度最严重。(4)树和车辆是最突出的大风承灾体,其次为电线和雨棚。大风致灾具有明显的链式反应。城市大风特征和影响分析对开展大风风险预警和防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。

    Abstract:

    Based on the hourly maximum wind speed data of Shanghai automatic stations and real-time gale disaster data provided by Shanghai Emergency Response Coordination Center from 2008 to 2019,?characteristics of spatiotemporal distributions and correlations between urban gales and disasters are analyzed in order to explore the impacts of strong winds in Shanghai. The results are as follows: (1) The gales and disasters present significant seasonal variations with force 8 gale days, maximum wind speeds, and disasters all exhibiting a summer single peak pattern. Summer gale days account for 41% of the year, and gale disasters account for over 80% of the year. The inter-annual fluctuations of disasters are significant, mainly influenced by extreme weathers. (2)The gales and disasters show significant differences between urban and suburban areas: Ⅰ) Wind speeds in downtown areas are much lower due to the impact of urbanization. Ⅱ) The density of disaster cases ranks the highest in central city (up to 37 cases/km2) and relatively high in regional centers and sub-centers. It is also found that the number of disasters in each region is positively correlated with its population and GDP. III) The housing related damages are relatively prominent in downtown and its surrounding regions, but the least significant in Chongming District. (3) The disastrous gale weather in Shanghai can be divided into four categories: Jiang-huai cyclone gales, thunderstorm gales, tropical cyclone gales and cold air gales, with thunderstorm gales the most frequent and tropical cyclone gales the most severe. (4) Trees and vehicles are the most common disaster-bearing bodies of strong wind disasters in Shanghai, followed by power lines and rain shelters. Gales cause disasters with obvious chain reactions. The study on the characteristics and impacts of urban gales are of great significance for the gale risk warning development and disaster prevention and mitigation.

    参考文献
    相似文献
    引证文献
引用本文
分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:
  • 下载次数:
  • HTML阅读次数:
  • 引用次数:
历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-16
  • 最后修改日期:2023-10-27
  • 录用日期:2023-11-01
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-11-01
  • 出版日期:

地址:江苏南京宁六路219号南京信息工程大学    邮编:210044

联系电话:025-58731158    E-mail:xbbjb@nuist.edu.cn    QQ交流群号:344646895

大气科学学报 ® 2024 版权所有  技术支持:北京勤云科技发展有限公司