Air pollution has threatened the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink capacity in China.With synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emission, mitigation of air pollution would drive improvements of terrestrial carbon sink and contribute to emission peak and carbon neutrality targets.To better understand the relationships between air pollution and terrestrial carbon sink, this review summarizes existing results related with tropospheric ozone (O₃) effects on plant carbon sequestration based on meta-analysis, dose-relative biomass/yield and earth system modeling.Responses of different crops, cultivars and plant functional types to elevated O₃ were significantly different.These effects were also changed by estimation approaches.Results indicated that ambient O₃ in China has induced losses of crop yield and forest productivity.Rising O₃ concentration has seriously threaten the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink capacity in China.On the other hand, synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emission will increase forest productivity and crop yield in 2060 compared to 2020, estimated from the dose-relative biomass/yield relationship based on plants grown in China.The contributions of terrestrial ecosystem to carbon neutrality will be increased if ambient ozone is reduced.Lastly, we proposed how to improve the carbon sequestration under O₃ pollution.