Since the release of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the international scientific community has made a number of significant progresses in the field of climate system change, which deepen our understanding on climate change.These scientific progresses and findings have been assessed objectively and comprehensively in the Working Group I (WGI) report of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)of IPCC.Given that temperature is the most direct indicator of global climate change, this paper briefly reviews the scientific cognition of the observed changes, attribution and projection from AR5 to AR6 from the perspective of changes in surface temperature.Compared to AR5, AR6 further confirms the objective fact of global warming since 1850 with stronger evidence, and the signals of human influenceon global warming are much clearer.The future amplitude of global warming depends on the efforts of greenhouse gas emission reduction.