The monthly precipitation and temperature data of 160 stations in China during 1951～1998 are used to analyze the basic properties of the precipitation anomalies in the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River with focus on their relationships with the precipitation and temperature anomalies in China.Results indicate that there are remarkable seasonal,interannaual and interdecadal variations of the precipitation anomalies in the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River,with the magnitude and frequency anomalies occurring in Jun. to Jul.,especially in Jul..In the recent 48 years,there are three obvious climate periods of the precipitation anomalies in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River,ten flood years and eight drought years can be selected.The EOF analyses of the composite precipitation anomalies in flood and drought years in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River show that spatial and temporal distribution properties of precipitation anomalies in China are different in drought and flood years;the different characteristics of temperature anomalies in drought and flood years in China in the prior and following month are also studied.