Abstract:To realize the incineration of 2-naphthol adsorption resin from dye chemical plants,the performance of the pyrolysis and combustion characters of 2-naphthol adsorption resin has been tested on the TGDTA 92 thermogravimetric(TG) analyzer at four different atmospheres.This apparatus can perform experiments such as TG and differential TG(DTG) analyses at the same time.The experimental results indicate that 2-naphthol adsorption resin is unstable and is easy to decompose at high temperature with the presence of oxygen.The weight loss rate of 2-naphthol adsorption resin was affected by the oxygen content of the carried gas.A pyrolysis and combustion mechanism of 2-naphthol adsorption resin was presented.The pyrolysis kinetics parameters of 2-naphthol adsorption resin were obtained and a proper kinetics model was proposed.

Abstract:By using the high resolution SST(Sea Surface Temperature),OLR(Outgoing Longwave Radiation) data measured by GMS(Geostationary Meteorological Satellite) and the tropical cyclone(TC) frequencies with their initiating locations over the NWP(North-West Pacific) ocean,the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of SST(Sea Surface Temperature),ITCZ(Intertropical Convergence Zone) and TC are analyzed in details.It was found that the frequencies,the intensities and the distributions of TC exist an obvious toward-warming uptrend.Furthermore,the necessary condition of GMS-SST larger than and equal to 28℃ is proposed as a critical ocean-surface temperature to the arising and maintaining of TC.Also there exists a contracting axis for TC high frequencies around 10°N.Such contracting axis indeed suggests an unique synchronous-matching mechanism with the warm-water region,defined by GMS-SST larger than and equal to 28℃,and the ITCZ,defined by OLR less than and equal to 240(W·m^-2).That is to say,the strong correlationship exists among the three.

Abstract:According to the differences of the reflection and radiation characteristics of cloud/fog and underlying surface in VIS and IR,various spectral profiles from MODIS data are analyzed.Based on the analysis results,a flow chart of fog-monitoring using the multi-spectral synthesis method is given and the fogs which occurred at 13:30 on December 13,2004 in North China Plain as well as at 14:15 on December 14,2004 in Sichuan Basin are detected.The result shows that MODIS data has great potential in fog detection,especially the mid-infrared band has great predominance in fog-monitoring.

Abstract:Inter-annual variations and especially,trends of frequency,intensity and location of landfalling typhoons in China are investigated in contrast with typhoons in the Northwestern Pacific based on the data of tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific,landfalling typhoons in China and the global surface temperature from 1949 to 2002.Results show that under global warming,the decreasing trend of the frequency of landfalling typhoons in China was weaker than that of typhoons in the Northwestern Pacific,and the average and especially,extreme intensities of landfalling typhoons in China were decreasing,but the decreasing trend was weaker than that of typhoons in the Northwest Pacific.In the global warming period of 1968—2002,the locations of landfalling typhoons in China mostly situated in the middle of the east coastal area of China and the position whereat Northwestern Pacific typhoons reached their maximum strength had a trend to move northwards during its life.

Abstract:By use of the linearized atmospheric equations of Boussinesq approximation on the equatorial β-plane in a zonal shear basic flow,study is undertaken of the stability features of several kinds of equatorial atmospheric waves.Results suggest that 1)the horizontal shear basic flow exerts unstable impact on these atmospheric waves but no effect on the stability and phase velocity of equatorial Kelvin waves;2)the zontal shear decelerates (accelerates) the phase velocity of internal inertial gravity waves propagating eastward(westward) with respect to the basic flow but slows down the west-propagating phase velocity of Rossby waves;3)the zonal shear of basic flow influences equatorial mixed Rossby-internal inertial gravity wave mainly through zonal wavenumber k,with smaller(larger) k responsible for the acceleration(deceleration) of the phase velocity of the mixed-type wave propagating westward with respect to basic flow;4)under the semi-geostrophic approximation the horizontal wind shear leads to that the equatorial Rossby wave with a smaller zonal wavenumber(k^→0) exhibits the deceteration of westward propagating phase velocity while in the presence of vertical wind shear,the unstable growth as well.Finally,through the analysis of the equation of energy we demonstrate that through horizontal and vertical shears,the basic flow furnishes the development of disturbances with energy.

Abstract:Using the monthly precipitation of 160 stations in China from 1951 to 2000 year,deficit/excessive summer rain years of Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin(the Jianghuai region) are selected.It is found from the composite analysis of 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly that the blocking high near Okhotsk maintains steadily in excessive summer rain years,whereas the high ridge near Okhotsk is weakened in deficit summer years.The EliassenPalm flux are calculated to explore the reason for differences of the 500hPa circulation in middle and high latitudes between deficit and excessive summer rain years of Jianghuai.The analysis results of Eliassen-Palm fluxes indicate that in excessive summer rain years the forcing of transient waves to the mean flow makes patterns of zonal and meridional wind anomalies in favor of the maintenance of Okhotsk blocking high and thus the strengthening of the southward transfer of cold air,and excessive summer rainfall in Jianghuai,whereas in deficit summer rain years,the forcing of transient waves to the mean flow weakens the high ridge near Okhotsk and thus the weaking of the southward transfer of cold air,and deficit summer rainfall in Jianghuai.

Abstract:There is obvious Quasi-Biennial variability both in summer precipitation over South China(SCSPR) and Summer Monsoon over South China Sea(SCSSM).After the 1970s interdecadal variations of SCSPR mainly behaved as the interdecadal variation of the averaged variance of quasi-biennial oscillations,and generally the larger variance corresponds to the more summer precipitation in South China,and vice versa.But there was no such a relation before 1976.The analysis results suggest that it is due to the interdecadal change of the quasi-biennial relationship between SCSPR and SCSSM.In the interdecadal phase of 1953—1976,the SCSPR and SCSSM exhibited a weak negative correlation of the quasi-biennial timescale components,while there was a strong positive correlation between their non-biennial timescale components;and during 1977—2000,the TBO(Tropospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation) of SCSPR and SCSSM varied in phase,there was no meaningful relation between their non-biennial timescale components.Further analysis indicates that the catastrophe of atmospheric general circulation in 1970s made the quasi-biennial variation of SCSPR dominate over the interannual variations in the recent more than 20 years.

Abstract:Using monthly NOAA reanalysis SST and rainfall data at 17 stations in North China during the spring(MAM) of 1951—2002,features of spring rainfall in North China and its relationships with SST are investigated.The results indicate that the frequency of negative rainfall anomaly is more than that of positive anomaly,but the intensity of positive anomaly is stronger.The interannual,interdecadal and periodic variations of spring rainfall series are obvious,and the period of rainfall is about 5 years before 1975,and about 7 years after 1975 respectively.Using correlation analyses methoe,we have found that there is a higher correlation coefficient sea area in the Indian Ocean and Eastern Equatorial Pacific,and the Indian Ocean’s SST in previous November to this year’s January significantly impacts the next spring rainfall anomaly in North China.Then it is confirmed by the SVD method that the last winter SST of the Indian Ocean is the most significant factor which affects the spring precipitation of North China.Based on composite analysis,we know the SSTA affects the atmosphere circulation and precipitation of North China by teleconnexion.

Abstract:Using four cumulus convection parameterization schemes and the nonhydrostatic mesoscale numerical model MM5,the torrential rain on 25—26th July 2003 in Yunnan is simulated.The analyses on the precipitation distribution,precipitation intensity,and meso-scale low flow characteristics of the rain storm simulated indicate that the ranges of heavy rain(>25mm) simulated by Grell,Kain-Fritsch,and Betts-Miller scheme are all smaller than the observed;the precipitation intensity simulated by Betts-Miller scheme is much greater than the observed;and simulated results by Anthes-Kuo scheme are relatively close to the observed.The Anthes-Kuo scheme not only simulates well the process,range,intensity and central position of the heavy rain,but also reproduces well the some meso-scale characteristics of the low pressure circulation system.

Abstract:Sand-dust aerosol particle size distributions have been measured by the APS-3310A(made by U.S.A) in Bayinhaote,Yanchi,and Yinchuan nearby the Helan Mountains during the April and May of 1998,and the April of 1999,respectively.A lot of data have been collected under different weather conditions,i.e.background,floating dust,blowing sand,and sand storm.The rules of sand aerosol particle size distribution are found through statistical analysis.Sand aerosol concentration is changeable in different weather processes.During the blowing sand and sand storm weather,aerosol concentration changes a lot,but during the floating dust weather,the circumstance don’t exist.The stronger the aerosol concentration,the more the number of aerosol particles greater than 2.5μm,and the more obvious the change in the concentration of various diameter ranges.During the four processes,coarse and fine particles have different contribution to the surface concentration.The mean instantaneous measured size distributions of sand aerosols are characterized by 1-mode-a single peak mode,which can be fitted very well by a log-normal distribution function.

Abstract:The area size and intensity of 500hPa north polar vortex and four quadrants are estimated from 1950 to 2002 based upon the 53-year NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly mean geopotential height data.The relationship between the polar vortex and air temperature in China is analysed.Results show that there is a negative correlation between the annual and seasonal areas of polar vortex and the air temperature in the same period,especially for year and winter,and from January to December,the above negative correlation has a trend from weakening to strengthening.The association of the air temperature with the intensity of polar vortex is not so strong as with area,in autumn and winter the positive correlation occurres over some regions,and from January to December,the negative correlation shows an opposite trend from strengthening to weakening.Finally,the influence of polar vortex on the subsequent air temperature in China is discussed by using SVD.It is found that the polar vortex has negative effect on the subsequent air temperature,but there is some difference in different seasons.For example,if the vortex in region Ⅳ shrinks anomalously in winter and the intensity of north polar vortex remarkably strengthens,the next spring air temperature will become higher in Northeast China and the area north of the mid-and low-reaches of the Yangtze River.When the size and intensity of the vortex in region Ⅰ are anomalously large in spring,summer air temperature will be lower than normal in Southwest China,the coast area of South China,and the Hetao region.Prominent weakening of the north polar vortex in spring and remarkable shrinking of the vortex over region Ⅰ in summer lead to the rising of autumn air temperature in South China.

Abstract:The relationship between zonal winds in Asia and the 160-station summer rainfall in China for the period of 1958—2000 is analyzed by employing the SVD method,and based on the analysis results,the Asian summer westerly index(I_ASW) is then defined as the 500hPa zonal wind averaged over(60~150°E,40~50°N) to represent the summer rainfall in China.It is shown that high I_ASW year relates to less summer rainfall in the mid and lower reaches of Yangtze River and more summer rainfall in south China,the mid-reaches of the Huanghe River and Northeast China;and vice versa.We also find that when the summer precipitation is excessive,there is a negative EAP pattern in 500hPa geopotential heights i.e.blocking highs are built over the Okhotsk sea and the Ural mountains;the west Pacific subtropical high lies south of normal,and the cross-equatorial flow of 105°E and the East Asian summer monsoon are weaker;and the northerly flow from higher latitudes meets the southerly flow from lower latitudes in the mid and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,leading to the strengthening and maintenance of meiyu front.This study indicates that the regional mean geopotential height over the Okhotsk sea in early stage,and the convection over the west Pacific 1-3 months in advance could be used to predict the strength of the Asian summer westerly.

Abstract:Meiyu rainstorms occurred in the Changjiang-Huaihe River valley in 2003 are classified into four categories according to the convective stability and precipitation property at the center of rainstorm,and the ralationships of moist potential vorticity with inertial,symmetry,and convective instabilities are analyzed.The analyses suggest that the first and second categories of rainstorms are associated commonly with the strong inertial instability in the upper troposphere,as well as respectively with symmetry and convective instabilities,and their rainfall is large;and the third and fourth categories generally produce stable precipitation with a small rainfall,and their upper tropospheres are usually inertially stable.Therefore,the effect of the inertial instability in the upper troposphere in enhancing the precipitation of Meiyu rainstorms is evident.

Abstract:The advanced simple adjoint method is adopted to retrieve the 3-D wind field of the severe rainfall event in Tianmen city and Yingcheng city on 18th July 2004 from the single radar data of Wuhan CINRAD/SA(China New Generation Weather Rader System/S-band A-style).Results show that the retrieved wind field is,to a certain extent,reliable and accurate.It will help short-time strong rainfall forecasting with analyzing the evolvement course of meso-micro scale weather system.

Abstract:For the 2nth order differential equation ,under the condition of M being a bounded completely continuous operator,the existence of periodic solution is discussed by virtue of homeomorphism,and fixed point method.

Abstract:This paper discusses the existence of entropy solutions for a class of nonlinear parabolic problems with lower order terms in Caratheodory form and with L¹ data.

Abstract:The synoptic transient waves are separated in this paper in the context of the NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data in 1982—1985 by use of Batterworth band-pass filter and the 31-point low-pass filter,and their variances are also computed.The analysis results suggest that the 31-point filter is superior to the Batterworth filter in filtering performance for synoptic transient waves.The analysis and comparison of the filtering results of the time series of geopotential heights with/without the zonally mean indicate that the effect of zonally symmetric fluctuations on transient wave is very fiant neglectable.

Abstract:In this paper,we have investigated the vortex Rossby wave in the atmosphere.It is found by use of the WKB method that the wave packet of nonlinear vortex Rossby waves is governed by nonlinear Schr^Ldinger equation.The periodic waves solutions and their stability of the nonlinear Schr^Ldinger equation are investigated,and the criteria for stability and instability are also obtained.It is shown by numerical calculations that the value of its outward-propagating speed is about O(10⁰m/s),consistent with observed one of spiral clouds-bands in typhoons.Therefore,the vortex Rossby wave might explain the formation and maintenance of spiral clouds bands.

Abstract:This paper proposes the indexes for the climatic division and suitability of tobacco growth in Yunnan according to the regional climatic characteristics:heat resource as primary index while precipitation and sunshine duration as secondary indexes.Heat resource is evaluted by the synthetic index approach,and other climatic conditions are assessed using the system cluster method.In light of Yunnan tobacco planting experience,the authors classify all meteorological stations in Yunnan into different climatic divisions for tabacco cultivation,and give the geographical distribution of most suitable and suitable areas for tobacco planting in Yunnan,as well as the climatic reasons for limiting the tobacco cultivation in Yunnan thus providing a scientific basis for the rational distribution and production of tobacco in Yunnan.

Abstract:This paper investigates the finite time blow-up and global existence of the positive solution of the nonlinear degenerate parabolic system with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary data.A necessary and sufficient condition for global existence of the solution is derived.

Abstract:Under a certain condition,the existence of the unique solution of the boundary value problem for a class of nonlinear second order ordinary differential equation systems is improved in this paper,and their solving process is also given.