Abstract:The relationship of autumn Kuroshio region SSTA with the East Asian winter monsoon and Chinese winter climate is analyzed.Results show that there is a closely relation between the autumn Kuroshio region SSTA and the East Asian winter monsoon index.In the higher(lower) Kuroshio SSTA years,the East Asian winter monsoon is stronger(weaker),the winter temperature increases(decreases) in north and northeast China,and decrease(increase) in the other places;the precipitation decreases (increases) in the Changjiang-Huaihe river valley and south China,especially in south China.The distribution of the 500hPa height fields corresponding to the Kuroshio region SSTA displays a PNA- and EAP-type atmospheric teleconnection,and therefore the Kuroshio region SSTA might influence the up- and down-stream atmosphere through the teleconnection.

Abstract:In this paper,the adjoint code method is employed for the construction of adjoint model system for numerical weather prediction,verifications are made for the accuracy of the system,and results indicate that the adjoint code method is a very effective tool.Experimental evidence with ideal and real data shows that different weighting and scaling and grid spacing have different influence on the adjoint assimilation system,and that the system have good ability of assimilation.

Abstract:There was a widely precipitation on April 4-5,2002 in Henan Province.The features of the stratiform cloud system and its precipitation characteristics in a cold front are analyzed by using the intensified sounding and radar observational data,and the satellite pictures,etc.The result show that the precipitation results from the atmospheric potential instability between 700hPa and 500hPa,and the area of atmospheric potential instability (∂θ_se/∂z<0) corresponds to the maximum value center of surface precipitation fairly well.At the same time,a jet streamcore existing in 250~200hPa occurs before and after the formation of the atmospheric potential instability,and there is a wind direction shear above and below the potential instability layer.Small cloud depth,low cloud top height,inhomogeneous structure are the main characteristics of the precipitation cloud.Weak potential instability in 700~500hPa,small quantity of vapor transfer and low cloud top temperature are the main reasons for small precipitation in this precipitation process.

Abstract:The NCEP and MODIS data of 8 days in 4 months (January,April,July and October) of different seasons are used in this paper to estimate the atmospheric precipitable water over China.First,the precipitable water is derived from integrating the relative humidity over the whole layer atmosphere from the NCEP data.Second,we employ the model put forward by Bao-Cai Gao and Kaufman to derive the precipitable water from the MODIS data.The results show that the MODIS atmospheric precipitable water data is generally greater than the NCEP data in the northwest and inner mongolia area of China.But in the southeast and part of south area of China the MODIS atmospheric precipitable water data is small than the NCEP data.If we multiply MODIS atmospheric precipitable water data with 0.933983 and 1.07686 over previous two areas respectively,the difference between two data is less than 0.2cm.It is accurate enough to most satellite derived model.So we can conclude that after revised the MODIS atmospheric precipitable water data can be used to satellite derived model and can improve the retrieval accuracy of some satellite remoting model.

Abstract:Based on the available data from surface synoptic reports (8 times every day),the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of sand/dust storms in China in the spring of 2002 are analyzed.The results show that there were mainly twelve dust storm weather processes including five severe dust storm events in China,among which the event on March 18-22 had the largest area and highest intensity.There were three high-frequency centers in northern China in the spring of 2002.Compared with the average of the past 47 years,the number of sand/dust storm days in the spring of 2002 was less than the average value in most parts in Northern China,except for Hunshan Dak sandy land and it’s fringes.Additionally,it has been found that most dust storm weather processes concentrated in early spring (from March to mid April) of 2002.The reasons were that in the earlier months the temperature was higher and the precipitation was less than the normal value,therefore the soil moisture was decreasing and soil surface was drier in northern China.When the cold air outbroke and arrived frequently from March to mid April,more dust storms and severe dust storms occurred.From the middle dekad of April to the first dekad of May,several obvious precipitation processes occurred in northern China.After that,the cold air outbreaks were weak and their positions were also to east.

Abstract:On the basis of data collected at Lin′an station during October/early November,we analyze the ozone and its precursor′s (NOx^*,CO,NMHC) characteristics and their relations to meteorological parameters.CO and NOx^* levels are related closely to macroscale synoptic system.On account of abundant ozone precursors at Lin′an station, the high O₃ will occur on a sunshine day.The aromatic is the largest part of NMHCs by carbon atom concentration,followed by alkane,alkene,alkyne and biogenic hydrocarbons.As a case study,we simulate photochemical ozone production rate P(O₃),depletion rate L(O₃) and the relative contributions of chemical reactions to ozone genesis/lysis by an observation-based photochemical box model.The results show that P(O₃) is one order of magnitude larger than L(O₃) in a clear autumn day of Lin′an.The net ozone production rate can reach up to 14.8×10^-9h^-1 in the noontime.The sensitive experiments reveal that Lin′an net photochemical ozone production rate is highly sensitive to NMHCs.

Abstract:The multi-scale features of tropical Pacific SST are analyzed using the Morlet wavelet transform to 1950-2000 Reynolds SST provided by the center of NOAA-CIRES climate diagnosis.Results indicate that three kinds of time scale variabilities,ie annual,interannual,and 12-year interdecadal variabilities exist in the tropical Pacific.Those kind variabilities have different spatial/temporal and propagatiance characters.

Abstract:This paper presents a soil temperature simulation scheme of using the conventional meteorological station data,thus improving the soil temperature simulation of the land surface process model of BATS proposed by Dickinson et al.This scheme can simulate the annual,seasonal and diurnal soil temperature variations at different depth fairly well.The results show that the simulated soil temperature of multi-layers by using the heat diffuse equation is comparable with the observed data;and the model is able to simulate the annual,seasonal and diurnal temperature variation very well at various levels.The temperature of deep layer is higher than that of surface layer in winter,while the upper layer temperature is higher than that of the deeper layer in summer.The times when the temperature gradient begins to reverse are about in April and October,which is in agreement with the feature observed.The model correctly simulates the time lags of soil temperature variations of various layers.

Abstract:When high temporal resolution image series are used to derive Cloud Motion Winds,1-D Fourier phase analysis technique computes sequentially the u and v components based on an assumption of 1-D displacement,ie solving one component provided that the other is zero.Errors will come into existence when this supposition is not true.In this article,the 2-D Fourier phase analysis technique is suggested,its theory is introduced,and a numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate its advantage over the 1-D technique.

Abstract:Two statistical models are established by using the vegetation index,thermal inertia and soil moisture to estimate the soil moisture of the experimental area.The first two factors are calculated from the NOAA satellite visible,infrared and channel 4 data.The last one is observed at the agricultural meteorological stations in an experimental farmland.

Abstract:The agricultural application perspect of (γ-PGA) (γ-polyglutamate),which was newly developed by the college of life science and pharmacy of Nanjing university of technology,is studied in this paper.The results show that the water absorption of (γ-PGA) is as higher as 1108.4 times,which is 2.85 times that of the polyacrylic acid sold in the market.The water absorption of (γ-PGA) in soil is 30~80 times.The water solution of (γ-PGA) has better moisture-holding and releasing abilities,and is more effective in fighting a drought and keeping a full stand of seedings.The seeding experiment was carried out under the condition of different GEP concentrations,the results show that the abilities of the water-absorbing and holding of (γ-PGA) are quite well and the seed dressing with (γ-PGA) is helpful to increase the germination percentage of wheat and corn.Mixing (γ-PGA) with seeds and using water saturated (γ-PGA) as antistaling material,will increase the germination percentage of the seeds and prolonge the freshness-keeping period of cutting flower.The research of the water balance model among plant,soil and (γ-PGA) should be carried out for the further application of (γ-PGA) in the field of agriculture.

Abstract:The measurement principle of forward scatter visibilimeter is presented in this paper according to the theory of estimating atmospheric visibility with scatter energy.The curve fitting is worked out between visibilities man-observed and real field signals based on from the design field experimental data of a visibilimeter’s prototype.It shows that the basic principle of the prototype is correct although it has the limitations such as bigger errors and the smaller range of dynamic state.The main factor leading to the limitationis is random background noises especially in clear day.They severely affect the measurement results.The problems in the prototype are discussed and improving measures are put forward.

Abstract:Aiming at the characteristics of some quantities and units which are complex and easily misused in papers of the atmospheric sciences,we analyze the physical meanings,calculating processes and expressions of the quantities,and also give the corresponding units.In order to exactly express scientific meanings it is very important and necessary for us to correctly use the quantities and units in the papers of atmospheric sciences.

Abstract:With the data of the summer precipitation of torrential rain at 59 stations in east China,the North Pacific SST from 1951 to 1998 and the method of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD),this work analyzes season by season the teleconnection of summer extreme precipitation in east China with North Pacific SST and Southern Oscillation Index (I_SO),so as to examine the North Pacific SST key area and seasons (or months) of I_SO which are significantly correlated with the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation of East China.Results show that the spatial distribution of summer extreme precipitation in East China is significantly correlated with the same season SST in the sea area of 130~170°E,5~25°N;while the Nino area SST is distincively correlated with the next summer extreme precipitation in East China.The spring SST in the Black Current area and California current area is negatively correlated with summer extreme precipitation in East China.The winter SST in the equatorial East Pacific and Black Current area is positively teleconnected with the summer extreme precipitation in East China and in the Hetao area.The summer extreme precipitation in East China is negatively correlated with the previous autumn SST in the Nino area,while positively with that in the Western Pacific.

Abstract:The interannual correlation of the winter sea-ice of Davis Strait with July rainfall of North China and its decadal variability are analyzed in this paper by using the Arctic sea-ice area data and the monthly rainfall of 160 stations in China.Analysis results show that there exists a negative interannual correlation between winter sea-ice of Davis Strait and July rainfall at 160 stations in China,with a turning point from a strong negative correlation to a weak negative correlation at 1974.The interannual correlation pattern between winter sea-ice of Davis Strait and July rainfall of North China has changed from the East-pattern to the Jianghuai-pattern around 1974.

Abstract:Correlation analyses between the wind stress anomalies in the Kuroshio region and the Nino3 SST index series of nearly 50 years show that the "key period" when ENSO affects the meridional wind stress anomalies in the Kuroshio region is autumn/winter to next spring,and that for the zonal wind stress anomalies is winter to next spring.The results of extended SVD analyses between wind stress anomalies and SSTA,and composite analyses reveal the evolution of structure of wind stress anomalies in the Kuroshio region during ENSO.In the autumn of ENSO year,the southern wind stress anomalies appear first over the East Sea and Ryukyu gunto,and the southeast wind stress strengthens at the north of Luzon and the east of Taiwan in winter.The range and intensity of anomalies become maximum in the next February,and then weaken rapidly and disappear in the next May.The range and the intensity of meridional wind stress anomalies affected by the SSTA are even more larger and stronger respectively.

Abstract:Excel is an important part of office software.A great deal of daily processing data is accessed through Excel software.The method and technique that control Excel electronic forms in Delphi,and the methods through which the input of data from to database and the output of data from database to Excel form are discussed in this paper.

Abstract:This paper introduces an efficient Chinese-Macro web editing platform that can take the place of other web editing tools to develop web courseware pages.The advantage of the macro platform is that it is easy to be used by web users who have common web knowledge.Besides the paper introduces the design principle and relative key techniques of creating the macro platform,and describes the details of the practical procedure in editing web courseware pages by the platform.The efficiency of the macro platform and the basic features of the web courseware pages made by the platform are also presented in the paper.

Abstract:Advances in researches and operational applications of ensemble prediction are briefly reviewed.The four aspects of ensemble prediction,ie the generation of initial perturbation,the choice of numerical models,the abstraction of forecasting information,and the evaluation of forecasting system and results,are involved,in this paper,which can be used as a reference in the research on improving the operational ensemble forecasting in China.