Abstract:Based on examing the differences of temporal-spatial characteristics of sub-surface sea temperature(ST) among levels over the Northern Pacific by using EOF,SVD,analogical,correlation and composition methods,ST is detached in levels,which is used to study its interactions with sea level pressure(SLP) fields.Evidence suggests that:1)the first mode and its time coefficients can basically reflect the temporal-spatial features of ST over this area;2)ST for January is separated into two levels and that for July into fourlevels,which indicates that the structure in July is more complicated than that in January;3)The temporal characteristics of air-sea interaction is remarkably interdecadal variation,with the "break" taking place in the late 1970s;4)When ST over the central North Pacific is persistently on the high side,the corresponding Aleutian low in January(North Pacific subtropical high in July) is weaker,with lying to the west of the normal position and weaker winter(summer)monsoon,and v.v..

Abstract:The correlations of the wind stress anomalies over tropical Pacific and the SSTA in the Nino3 region shows that the Nino3 SSTA is well correlated with the leading wind stress anomalies,which occurs-when the wind stress is prior to the Nino3 SSTA by eight months.The location of wind stress in all strong correlation areas expands toward the middle Pacific in pace with shortening the leading time.The result obtained by investigating the effect of the wind stress in different regions on SST in the tropical Pacific by means of numerical method,shows that there is obvious influence of the wind stress in higher correlation regions on developing and sustaining the climatological monthly mean fields of SST in tropical Pacific,but it contributes significantly to the interannual variability of SST;instead,the wind stress outside the higher correlation regions exerts an important influence on developing and sustaining the mean fields of SST,but does a little on the interannual variability of SST.

Abstract:Diagnostic method is used to analyze the climate features of precipitation anomalies in Northeast China in recent 50 years.Results indicate that precipitation of Northeast China has obvious seasonal change,with magnitude anomalies occurring in summer (June to August),especially in July and August and that the anomalies peak month has rather obvious decade change.In the recent 50 years,summer rainfall anomalies in the study area exhibit remarkable interannual(interdecadal) variation period of 3.1 years(12.5 years,26～28 years and 4～6 years).The distribution of rainfall anomalies in NE China is in(out of) phase with that in North China(the Huaihe River and the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River.Distribution of summer precipitation anomalies of Northeast China shows consistence and is coherent to distribution of summer precipitation anomalies of China in 1950s,1970s and 1990s,there is area difference in 1960s and 1980s.

Abstract:A semi-spectral model of a quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation on a ƒ-plane with high resolution is designed in order to investigate the effects of nonlinear on typhoon tangential wind changes and the vortex Rossby-wavespropagation characteristics in the circulation of typhoon and the mean flow changes under variable initial disturbances.The results show that the nonlinear weakens the acceleration of typhoon tangential velocity and probably thrinks the maximum wind radius.The location of initial disturbance center-exerts a significant influences on vortex Rossby-waves propagation and basic flow changes.The largest increase in the maximum azimuthal mean tangential velocity occurs when the convective patch is placed at the radius of maximum wind,in contrast the deceleration occurs when initial a symmetry in outside the region.The smaller convective patch corresponds to slight changes of maximum mean wind speed.The convective patch outside the region of typhoon circulation subtracts the influences of the convective patch at or near eyewall on typhoon maximum tangential velocity.

Abstract:A one-dimensional,non-hydrostatic atmospheric boundary layer model for agro-forestry zone is established in this paper in terms of turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) closure,and the forecast of 24-hour wind speed,temperature and humidity in the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) bellow 1000m altitude is made.While,the output results with different parameterization schemes for three kinds of underlying surface(crop,forest and non-vegetation) are analyzed and compared with the observational data,especially the-effects of the crop and forest on the vertical distributions of airflow,turbulent exchange and turbulent energy above the canopy by sensitivity test.The results show that this model can improve the simulation effect of forecasting wind speed,potential temperature and humidity in ABL,and that the plant of the underlying surface exerts a remarkable influence on meteorological elements in ABL but a little bit effect to turbulent energy.

Abstract:A severe convective storm accompanied with strong wind,heavy rain and hail on 23 August 2001 in Beijing was simulated by a three-dimensional cloud model,and was compared with the observed data.It showed that this model could simulate the characteristics of the severe storm such as life cycle,rainfall distribution and hail size,and also could simulate the strong downdraft and wind shear(downburst).The mechanism of the downburst formation was analyzied based on the cloud microphysics of the simulated storm and it was found that this downburst was primarily promoted by negative buoyancy which is produced by the trailing of hail in upair,and also enhanced by cooling resulted from hail melting and rain evaporation.And the trailing and melting of hail played a decisive role in producing the downburst,while the gale was caused by the severe downburst.

Abstract:The temporal-spatial feature of secular variation of global land rainfall fields for June-August during 1948-2001 is investigated based on the global land monthly data PREC/L.The result shows that the maximum rainfall for June-August happened in the several famous monsoon areas,and their standard deviation is bigger in monsoon areas than the others.The global land rainfall of June-August represents a main feature of the negative trend variation,The regions with significant reduction of rainfall include tropical-Africa,north of Huaihe River of China,the eastern,central and western Siberian of Russia,North Korea and the South Asian.While,those with increase of precipitation are the northern-Canada,Brazil,central Greenland and etc.The trend of coefficients in 12 latitudinal zones is significant with 95% of confidence level except one (65～60°S)-with positive trend.The areas with positive trend coefficient are very small.The relation between the trend variation of global land rainfall for June-August and ENSO is preliminary discussed.

Abstract:This article introduces a way to calculate a dry deposition velocity(V_d) of air pollutants,which takes account of the effect of biological characteristics of vegetation and turbulence structure in canopy-on the dry deposition in detail and the effect of three-layer shrouds on surface resistance as well.A dry deposition velocity is obtained by adding up seven different resistance factors.The surface resistance of the dry deposition to farmland seven air pollutants and the dry deposition velocities of SO₂ and sulfate(SO₄^2-) are calculated based on the method.Their concentrations are measured on farmland at Yingtan,the typical red soil area of Jiangxi Province,and the dry deposition flux of sulphur from the atmosphere to the agrocosystem is estimated and compared quantitatively with other methods.The study shows that the average dry deposition velocities of SO₂ and SO₄^2- are 0.31cm/s and- 0.20-cm/s,respectively.These velocities have a significant temporal variation with higher value in daytime,lower at night and the highest at the noon.The monthly variation of the velocities is also evident with the maximum appearing in winter.The annual dry deposition flux of sulphur inputting into the farmland ecosystem is about 7.35g/m².

Abstract:Monthly mean temperature at surface and 500hPa,and the thickness between 200hPa and 500hPa over the Northern Hemisphere and Tibetan Plateau are analysed to investigate their interdecadal variation tendency in different seasons and latitudes,and their relations as well.It’s revealed that the interdecadal tendency in temperature at surface is similar to that at 500hPa in the recent 50 years,with a cooling(warming) tendency before(after) the middle of 1970s.While the interdecadal tendency of temperature in the upper troposphere is opposite to that in the lower troposphere,with a warming(cooling) tendency before(after) 1970s.Analysis also shows difference among the changes of the temperature at different levels of troposphere in different latitudes and seasons.

Abstract:The meteorological data from four representative stations around the Qinghai lake in 1958-1998(41 years) are analyzed by means of the analysis of principal component,trend and correlation.The results show:the interannual variation of precipitation and sunshine duration are significant,but there is no obvious trend of long-term change.The mean temperature,mean maximum and minimum temperature in the region are increasing remarkably,especially the mean minimum temperature.The trend of wind speed change is descent-with the maximum in 1970s and minimum in the 1980s,but increased a little bit again in 1990s.The relative humidity is high in 1980s and low in 1990s.

Abstract:In the application of remote sensing,the vegetation index has been widely used to token the coverage and growth of the vegetation qualitatively and quantitatively.Due to the influence of atmospheric variation,the vegetation index cannot reflect the realistic distribution of the vegetation on the earth’s surface.A simple method is proposed to eliminate the influence of the atmosphere on Normalized Differece Vegetation Index(NDVI) and reduce the impact of atmosphere on the vegetation index by calculating the path radiation received by the satellite sensor according to the water body of the third and fourth band in the China Brazil Environment Resoure Satellite(CBERS).Results suggest that the vegetion index can reflect the growth and distribution of the vegetation much better by using the method discussed.

Abstract:EOF,wavelet analysis,composite analysis and t-test are used to investigate the SST of 1950-1998(588 months),and describe spatial and temporal characters of the SST.It is found that there is an apparent transition during middle and later 1970s:eastern and middle Equatorial Pacific SST turns higher,and mid-latitude Pacific SST turns lower,even more distinctly in west wind drift zone.It is also found that the duration of El Nino(La Nina) is longer with greater intensity after(before) 1976 than before(after) the time,La Nina zone has positive(negative) SSTA in the early stage;the course of SST has an ENSO cycle of 2～6 years with annual oscillation of 8～9 years,a interdecadal variation scale of about 22 years and a signal for long term change,the turn being in 1981.

Abstract:On the basis of statistical analysis,selection of main meteorological factors remarkedly affecting hypertension is conducted for Yinchuan area.The factors,as input variables,are used for studying and training of multi-level feed-forward neural network BP algorithm and an ANN hypertension model is developed for prediction of this disease.In comparison with a statistical model,results show that this model is easier to operate with smaller error and higher ability and provide a new method for hypertension prediction.

Abstract:Effects of enhanced ultraviolet radiation(UV-B,280～315nm) on wheat aphid are investigated in this paper.Results show that the number of wheat aphids and the percentage of wheat plants attacked by aphids decrease markedly with UV-B radiation,the probability of aphid’s appearance on the ears and the upper leaves decreases dramatically,but the number of aphids on back side of the leaves increases significantly.It is concluded that the enhancement of UV-B radiation make wheat crop less affected by the aphid.

Abstract:In this paper,probability models of climate variables have been established that belong to normal and Gamma distribution,used for discussion on sensitivity of extreme events to each parameter in the models.The influence of mean value and standard deviation on extreme events has also been investigated.We conclude that the scale parameter affects most probability of extreme events,and these results hopefully provide support for climatic extreme forecast and climatic model design.

Abstract:Main-eigen analysis method is applied to the consensus analyses on rainfall estimates from weater radar observations.The common features of the rainfall patterns from different estimating schemes can be obtained firstly,and the distribution of rainfall within the detecting scope of the radar can be estimated according to the rain gauge measurements.Results show that main-eigen anlysis method is better than other consensus analysis methods such as weighted average,combined probability or multi-regression.

Abstract:Based on the monthly precipitation data of 272 stations in China,the generality of the spatial probability distribution model(PDF) of the precipitation was explored.It is shown that the Gamma distribution model is quite suitable to describe the heterogeneity of the spatial pattern in China.In addition,the seasonal and interannual variations of the Gamma distribution parameter together with its climatological interpretations are discussed.The generality of this distribution is validated against the regional fitting results.

Abstract:A convergence of Ishikawa iteration sequence with errors is investigated in this paper for asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in uniformly convex Banach spaces.The results extend the original theorems.

Abstract:Based on Jintong Supplies Limited Corporation in Taizhou city,a Remote Sales Management System-of-supplies is addressed in this paper.The structure of distributed client/server model with double servers is also discussed in detail.At the last,some important techniques such as micro-database technique,the jurisdiction management technique based on inheriting and deriving adopted in the developement of the sysytem are studied.