Abstract:Based on the analyses of NCAR/NCEP 40 years reanalysis data set,it is found that the mean period of interannual variability of zonal wind in the equatorial lower stratosphere is 28.2 months,the maximum amplitudes appear at 20hPa.The mean rate at which the westerly(easterly) wind anomalies progresses downward is about 1.21(1.04)km/month.The difference between standard deviations of monthly mean zonal winds at 10 and 70hPa can indicate the phases of the quasi biennial variability in the whole lower stratosphere.Temperature anomalies in middle latitudes of both hemispheres oscillate in coordination with the QBO of zonal wind in equatorial low stratosphere.The valleys(peaks) of the temperature anomalies in middle latitudes appear when vertical shear of zonal wind in equatorial lower stratosphere is westerly(easterly).The meridional circulation anomalies induced by the quasi biennial variability of equatorial zonal wind are the link between them.

Abstract:By using the monthly mean data from NCEP/NCAR 40 reanalysis(1958-1997),analyzed are the time evolutions of Asian monsoon by diagnosing the variations of kinetic energy of both the barotropic and the baroclinic modes of the wind field in terms of the atmospheric dynamic equations in the present article.It is found that there exist different features of the kinetic energy variations associated with barotropic and baroclinic components of airflow between monsoon and non monsoon regions.The time evolution of baroclinic kinetic energy is well linearly correlated with that of barotropic one in mosoon area during boreal winter.At the same time,there occurs the conversion of kinetic energy from baroclinic mode to barotropic one.The conversion of kinetic energy reaches their minimums with positive value in the Indian monsoon area and the negative in the east Asia during both spring and fall seasons.The kinetic energy of baroclinic winds is the major contributor to the total kinetic energy in monsoon areas during summertime whereas the kinetic energy of barotropic winds is the major part in middle and high latitudes.In monsoon areas,the magnitude of kinetic energy of barotropic mode decreases and eventually reaches the minimum from winter to summer.The kinetic energy of baroclinic mode as well as the kinetic energy conversions from baroclincic to barotropic mode changes in phase with the progresses of summer Asian monsoon.But the variations of these kinetic energy components in the east Asia are lagging to those in the Indian monsoon region.

Abstract:In terms of 1979-1994 NCEP/NCAR re analyses and OLR data,the variation characteristics of tropical convective activities are investigated and the relationships between the interannual variation of summer OLR and East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) are discussed.It is found that the interannual variation of summer OLR is remarkable in warm pool and the equatorial central Pacific,which is in anti phase oscillation.When the convective activities are strong(weak) in warm pool and weak(strong) in the equatorial central Pacific,the EASM is strong(weak) and the rainbelt is north(south) of its mean position with less(more) precipitation in the Yangtze River reaches.Further evidences show that the atmospheric circulation anomaly in subtropical Asia(tropical Pacific) relative to the dipole tropical convective activities is vertically barotropic(baroclinic).

Abstract:Analyzed are the characteristics of the v a riations of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice on interannual basis.The results sh ow that the interannual oscillation of south polar sea ice is obvious,with the a nomalous variation being of entirety(regionality) in summer(autumn,winter and spring).The interannual oscillation of north polar sea ice is also remarkable,w ith the anomalous variation happening mainly over the Greenland Sea,Barents Sea and Kara Sea(east Siberian Sea and Bofft Sea) in winter and spring(summer and a utumn).

Abstract:In context of atmospheric photochemical model,the photochemical ozone creation potential(I_POCP value) of NMHC species is studied under different NMHC/NO_x ratios.And the rule of I_POCP values of NMHC changing with time is discussed in the higher NMHC/N O_x ratio.The results show that the I_POCP values of NMHC species vary with the ratio of NMHC/NO_x and time-scale of photochemical reactions sys tematically.NO_x、alkenes、aromatics and aldehydes have higher reactivity and shorter lifespan,so its transportation distance is limited and mainly perf orming local pollution.Alkanes have lower reactivity and longer lifespan,so it can transport longer distance from its source.

Abstract:The net radiation in winter and spring has significant effect on the succeeding thermal convection and seasonal evolution of general circulation over the Tibetan Plateau.The more the net radiation in s pring over the Plateau,the earlier the reversal of the meridional temperature gradient between the Plateau and low-latitudes in early summer,resulting in the more active convection over the Plateau.Strong convection over the central Plateau in summer leads to the strengthened subsidence in western Pacific,which is responsible for the enhancement and the westward extension of ridge point as well as the maintenance of western Pacific subtropical high to the south of the Yan gtze River.As a result,the anomalous heavy rainfall takes place in the low-mid reaches of the Yangtze River.

Abstract:Based on published rice yield-weather models for different cropping types in various areas of China,the obtained data fall into three classes according to double-harvest early rice,double-harvest late rice and single-harvest rice.Forecasting factors are extracted and quatita tively processed,from which rice is regionalized using clustering method as four zones for double-harvest early,two for double-harvest late and 9 for single-harvest.The primary and secondary affecting factors and their affecting perio ds are discussed,which may provide scientific basis for large-area rice field prediction.

Abstract:In the context of the SVD and lagged correlation analysis,the relationship betw een the WA pattern in the northern hemisphere winter and the early summer monsoo n over eastern Asia and the possible way in association with the former and the latter are conducted.Results show that the early summer monsoon over eastern Asia is closely related to the WA teleconnection pattern and the possible way in c ombination with the WA pattern and early summer monsoon over eastern Asia can be described as follows:The winter WA pattern produces northwest Atlantic SSTA do minantly by dint of sea-air interaction on a local basis,which lasts till spri ng and early summer and causes,in turn,the anomaly of the atmospheric circulati ons in the NW Europe to the Urals and Okhotsk sea,thereby exerting effect on th e east Asian monsoon in early summer.

Abstract:Fertility index has been evaluated using s taging-sowing experimental data on sacked self-fruitful rate,air temperature and sunshine hours for 13 new genic male steril(GMS) rices from three geographical ecological places(Sanya of Hainan,Wuhan of Hubei and Guiyang of Guizhou).The ecological features of the index are investigated both by grading light-temperature and by applying a quantitative fertility model respectively and their practical importance are discussed finally.

Abstract:In this paper,an index of land-sea thermal difference(ILSTD ) is developed with the relationship among index,th e east Asian monsoon circulation and the summer rainfall in China discussed.The results are as follows:1)ILSTD can reflect the interannual variation of the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China,especially in north China and Huaihe valleys and the mid/low reaches of the Yangtze River.In the years of strong ILSTD ,rainfall belt is mainly located over north part of China,and obvious drought emerges in Huaihe valleys and the mid/low reaches of the Yangtze River.However,during the weak years,summer rainfall belt is largely locat ed over the mid/low reaches of the Yangtze River.2)The index can identify the pa ttern of atmospheric circulation impacting rainfall in eastern China,especially for the position and strength of west Pacific subtropical high in summer.In the strong(weak) index years,the circulation fields at 500hPa in the n orthern hemisphere can be used to explain the features of the strength changes o f the summer monsoon and the summer rainfall anomaly.

Abstract:Defined is a new east Asian monsoon index ,which can perfectly describe the seasonal and interannual change of the wester n Pacific subtropical high(WPSH).On the basis of the index,the relations are discussed among the equatorial eastern Pacific spring SSTA,the summer WPSH and east Asian summer monsoon.Related to the warm(cold) spring SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacific,the summer WPSH position lies to the south(north) of its mean,the west(east) of its normal,and is slightly intensified(weakened); the east Asian summer monsoon is also weak(strong),the mid/low reaches of the Yangtze River are hit by floods(droughts),accompanied by droughts(floods) in the south China and the Yellow River valleys.

Abstract:In the content of 1975-1995 OLR data and 1979-1995 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the features of tropical convective activitie s are discussed in wet/dry summers over the mid-lower valleys of the Yangtze an d north China,with focus on the relationship between the position/LFO of ITCZ and the flood/drought over the two areas.Results show that:1)there exits a close relationship between the flood/drought over the study areas in summer and the co nvective activities over the tropical Pacific in the preceding January,with stro ng convection in eastern Pacific and weak in western Pacific corresponding to flood in the mid-lower valleys of the Yangtze and drought in north China,and v.v.;2)when ITCZ lies in the south(north) of its mean position,there will be flood(drought) over the mid-lower valleys of the Yangtze and drought(flood) over north China;3)there are differences in LFO of OLR between wet/dry summers,which is ma inly characterized by its propagation and intensity.Such a differences may serve as one of the important causes for the difference of summer rainfall between th e two areas.

Abstract:Using grain-yield and meteorological data of Jiangsu Province,the impact of both the per-unit-area yield(PAUY) and planting area on interannual fluctuation of total grain output has been investigated,and contribution of technical levels,social factors and meteorological elements in particular to interannual variation of PUAY has been appraised.Results show that weather plays an important role in grain yield fluctuation.Correspond ing measures are put forward to mitigate meteorological disasters for achieving high grain yield.

Abstract:By using dekade sensible heat flux(SHF) da ta set from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project from 1979 to 1995,investigated are the fea tures of seasonal/interannual variations of SHF itself and of SHF anomaly in win ter/summer over the Plateau and its vicinities.Results show that SHF experiences a remarkable seasonal evolution,which can be classified into winter pattern(from late Oct.to early Mar.) and summer pattern(from middle Mar.to middle Oct.),w ith the seasonality being the most significant over northern desert and southern Mt.Qomolangma.The anomaly of SHF occurs mostly during the 3rd to 15th dekade or the 26th to 36th dekade.The space pattern of the interannual variations of win ter(summer) SHF is characterized by the contrast between east of 85°E and west of 85°E(northern and southern Plateau),with a decreas ing(increasing) cooling(heating) trend in the last 13 years.

Abstract:In the context of 1871-1994 data,an inve s tigation is carried out of the evolution of relationship between SO and summer r ainfall in India.Results show that the correlation significance is different in different seasons;and that the correlation is unstable with time evolution in th e same season.

Abstract:The approximate calculation of ∫₀^πq(θ)sinθdθ is important in the spheri cal function analysis of global climatic fields.An improved scheme based on geometr ic analysis is given in this paper,and it is shown by the calculation of mode an d orthogonality of standardized Legendre functionP~_n^mthat the scheme obviously improves the accuracy of spherical function analysis of global climatic fields.

Abstract:By using muti-variable mean generation function of the predictand and its predictor,the mean generation function is orthogon alized by means of the Gram-Schmidt's method.Meanwhile,the number of mean gene ration function has been selected in the forecast model by means of Couple Score Criterion.Finally,the forecast model of seasonal precipitation of Shanxi prov ince is established.The results indicate that the method is favorable in foreca st of seasonal precipitation of Shanxi province,and is feasible for improving t he accuracy of short-term regional climate forecast.

Abstract:On the basis of DSD theory ,the method of s imulating DSD with a Gamma distribution function is employed to investigate the effects of the variation in DSD and rain rate on rainfall estimators of dual-p olarization radar to study why the rainfall estimators from dual polarization ra dar are better than that from a conventional radar and to compare the rainfall estimating error of estimating formulate at each radar working band(X,C and S) .Then we have got the best rainfall estimator of dual polarization radar with a verification by the DSD observed data.

Abstract:This design is based on the theorem of frequency and period testing with high accuracy and constant error by using Lattice's in-system programmablity device ispLSI in our hardware design.Every item of testing in our design demostrates that the theorem is reasonable.The further theoretical analysis on the theorem is made in this paper.The hardware design is also given.

Abstract:Geographical distribution of meteorological indices for suitable hothouse inbound date of prawn is analyzed and generalized from years of cultivation experiments for coastlands of Jiangsu Province.Correlation among the earliest,optimal and the latest hothouse inbound dates are inv estigated when corresponding indices turn up.Taking Sheyang County and Nantong City as examples,models are established to predict the hothouse inbound date and may offer a theoretical basis and a new approach to weather service of the hoth ouse inbound of the female prawn.

Abstract:T.Young's double slit interference experiment had played an important role in the foundation and development of wave optics.The paper proposes a new methodthe spectrum method which calculates the distribution of intensity of light in the double slit experiment.Because the calculative program of the method is standard,the spectrum method which cardinal instrument in math is Fourier transform can be used,in principle,to tackle with the optical program of both interference and diffraction in general.

Abstract:In this paper,we introduce the trend of research and progress in air-sea couple d model(ASCM) in at home and aboard recently,and synthetically analyze the coup ling schemes and forecasting experiments for different coupled models.Meanwhile ,the development of ASCM and the relative problem influencing the ASCM forecast ability are investigated in this aspects such as ENSO prediction ability,the com posite and classification,the climate drift,the characteristics of coupling sche me,and seasonal,annual and decadal prediction ability,and so on.Reviewed in the paper are the research advance and development of the air-sea coupled models(ASCM) in recent years with their coupling schemes and forecasting experiments anal ysed.Comments are also made on the ENSO prediction,ASCM classification,climate frift,coupling schemes and models' prediction to seasonal,interannual and interde cadal variation.