Abstract:The latest dataset from the SCS (South China Sea) Monsoon Experiment is used in this paper to study the features of abrupt change in some meteorological elements before, during and after the monsoon's establishment in 1998 and to investigate its onset, arriving at preliminary conclusions that the 1998 Asian summer monsoon was established first in the SCS (as early as May 23),and the establishment represented the earliest indicator of conversion from the winter to summer monsoon situation in Asia; the continued eastward retreat of the western Pacific subtropical high from the SCS area had a direct effect on the SCS summer monsoons establishment because the withdrawal favored the release of unstable energy, responsible for the sudden onset of the monsoon. However, why did the subtropical high retreat eastward? This tentative investigation indicates that the interactions between middle and lower latitudes,such as the eastward extension of westerly and rainfall bands from the equatorial Indian ocean to the Indo China and the southward spreading of the active South China stationary front, were likely the characteristic events which contribute to the eastward retreat of the subtropical high and the onset of summer monsoon over the SCS

Abstract:A missing data field interpolation model is presented in terms of the method of principal component canonical correlation analysis (PC-CCA). Experiments of regional meteorological fields series (in the Yangtze basins) for different data missing distribution structures exhibit a stable highest precision can be obtained for mixed fields containing subfields when 25-year sample size is used, especially when a large-scale component is dominant in the fields with single sign deviation from average.

Abstract:The nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation on a Hemisphere is solved by the spectral method (T42) with the real drought circulation data to calculate the forced field of the drought circulation pattern under circumstances with and without the topographic forcing. The formation and maintenance of drought circulation pattern under the effect of the forced field and the collapsing process after the dissipation of the forced field are numerically simulated. The results show that the forced field plays an important role in the processes of formation, maintenance and collapse of the drought circulation pattern, and the Tibetan Plateau’s topographic forcing makes the drought circulation’s formation and collapsing faster over its northeast region.

Abstract:Using the data from the Lightning Location Network,Doppler Radar and conventional Meteorological Observations of Fujian Province, The Lightning characteristics and Lightning/Rain relationships for the torrential rain weather of May 5 to 7,1997 in the south-east coastal area of the province are analysed. It is shown that thunderstorm is active frequently during the weather process, and the total amount of Lightning is over 5000 times,with the density maximum of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning(CGL) over 1 times/km² and the frequency maximum of CGL and Intra-Cloud Lightning(ICL) over 450 and 350 times/hour respectively.Whereas,the CGL frequency is larger than that of ICL, and the percentages of negative CGL and positive ICL are over 86% and 66% respectively, in the torrential rain region. The results also show that the torrential rain weather involves both types of the processes with Strong and Weak thunderstorm activities, there are very different characteristics of Lightning frequency and polarity for both processes. In addition, the curves of Lightning frequency versus time represent the tendency of precipitation during the torrential rain process, while the middle value area of the CGL density is overlaped with one of heavy rain and the high value area is coincided with the central part of the torrential rain produced by thunderstorm, but with the maximum point of CGL density deviated from the maximum center of the torrential rain, which needs to be researched further.

Abstract:Helicity analysis was applied to several high-wind and hail processes, which occurred from 15 to 26 March 1997 over South Yunnan in spring. The results show that the change of helicity at the lower level has the indication of severe convection, and the positive maximum center of helicity is close to the central position of the high-wind and hail events. Moreover, the vertical distribution of helicity can reflect some dynamic and thermodynamic features of severe convection.

Abstract:Climate productivity is modelled for early, medium and late rice respectively on the basis of reorganized light-temperature data on a decade base from 165 meteorological stations in 18 provinces during the period of 30 years where hybrid rice is planted, its geographical distributions and climatic causes being investigated. The climate-ecological zoning is conducted of rice planting and results show that there are seven zones classified for early rice and six for the medium and the late respectively.

Abstract:In terms of ECMWF data as initial fields,by the MM4 model and the Zwack-Okossi equation, numerical experiment and diagnosis were carried out for an explosive cyclone occurred in the northwest Pacific on 20th to 21st Dec.1981 and the following conclusions arrived. The diabatic heating caused by moisture, especially by the cumulus convection feedback, plays a minor role in this explosive cyclogenesis. The explosive cyclogenesis is initiated by the positive vorticity advection and ageostrophic fields. The vorticity advection makes the most contribution to the development of the cyclone, while the impact of temperature advection is minor. Both mainly act on the high troposphere level, and the ageostrophic vorticity tendency principally affects the low level. In addition, The analysis of the synoptic-subsynoptic scale exchange of temperature, shows that the subsynoptic system is not in favor of the explosive cyclone, due to the weakly conversion of the synoptic scale energy to the subsynoptic scale energy in the course of the explosive cyclone development.

Abstract:This paper reveals the two basic components i.e. linear warming and El Nino-La Nina oscillation, of the long term variations of sea surface temperature(SST) in the tropical Pacific,Atlantic and Indian oceans since the 1950s,and their intensity in the three oceans is compared. On the above basis efforts are focused on analyzing the differences in long term variations of SST of the western、central and eastern tropical Pacific, and it is pointed out that the El Nino-La Nina oscillation is relatively weak in the long term variations of SST of the western tropical Pacific and the linear warming trend is replaced by interannual strong and weak oscillations.

Abstract:The auto-generation of weather forecast text is an important way for the scientificalness, objectiveness, and high effectiveness of weather forecasts. With the aid of the graphic editor of weather charts,the auto generation can improve the accuracy of the forecasts. This paper presents the design thought and method, the optimization and improvement of the implementation methods of the main functional modals based on the initial frame of this system, and as well as the data interface between the graphic editor and the text generator.

Abstract:A diagnostic analysis has been conducted based on the January 1975-December 1987 NMC 850hPa wind field data. The results show that the northern Pacific high latitude anomalous westerly on the quasi-4-year time scale, which occurs ahead of the beginning of the positive tropical central/eastern Pacific SSTA, propagates southward along a zigzag path,i.e., first southwest then southeast and so does the Aleutian SSTA.

Abstract:Numerical simulation of two meso-scale rainbands in a meiyu-front torrential rain process in the Jianghuai Basin on June 27, 1981, has been conducted successfully in terms of MM4.Diagnostic analysis is given of the modeling data to reveal the mesoscale structure of this weather system and the special attention is given to the two mesoscale rainbelts formation and maintenance mechanism. The feedback effect of the latent heating from cumulus convection condensation is also analysed with the dry and wet control experiments. It is found that the rainbands result from the joint effect of the development and dispersion of inertial-gravitational wave, and the coupling of upper and low jet, and cumulus convection heating feedback obviously strengthens the upper and low level jet.

Abstract:On the basis of thermal inertia method for the data of NOAA/AVHRR, windspeed is taken into account indirectly for soil moisture estimation through calculating topographic parameters R and F with the aid of EPPL7 GIS. Results show that the accuracy of the estimations becomes higher than without windspeed adjustment. Windspeed can affect soil moisture only at a shallow layer which is less than 30 cm in depth and the best position for soil moisture remote sensing is at about 20 cm or so in depth.

Abstract:In view of promoting research on high-efficiency agriculture development and rational utilization of resources, a triple harvest intercropping model is developed for Henan Province. Comparisons are performed of climate resource availability, single-crop yield, the total yield, yield component, economic and ecoogical benefit between double-harvest and the triple-harvest cropping systems. Results show that the latter is markedly superior to the former which is a conventional model and accords well with sustainable agricultural development of high efficiency and good quality for this region.

Abstract:Based on a PPI of radial wind data from a single Doppler radar with double PRF technique, model recognition technique is utilized to detect center of typhoon automatically. The result shows that this method can locate center of typhoon quite well and fast. The algorithm can be used in the forecasting and warning system of typhoon.

Abstract:The single point correlated map for summer rainfall in east China which has the maximum number of stations who′s correlation coeffecient is greater than the statistical threshold is defined in this paper as the main correlation pattern, and its corresponding circulation features are investigated. Results show that summer rainfalls in the Hetao area and the mid-lower valleys of the Yangtze river are well representitive of the rainfalls in east China, and rainfalls in the two areas are oppositely correlated. Therefore, the rainfall difference between the two regions is used to delineate the dominant pattern of summer rainfall in east China. When the rainbelt locates in the Hetao area and the mid lower reaches of the Yangtze river suffer from the shortage of rainfall, the easterly anomaly circulation prevails over the mid lower parts of the Yangtze river, accompanied with a stronger Walker circulation in the Pacific, a more vigorous summer monsoon in south Asia, and a northward shift of the South Asia High. Besides, it is also found that the circulation anomaly over east Asia is vertically equivalent barotropic.

Abstract:In the context of simple correlation and composite analysis,Study is performed of the correlation between Meiyu onset dates(MOD) and the atmospheric circulation in the previous winter. Result shows that the MOD is significantly related to the atmospheric features in the previous winter with strong North Atlantic oscillation(NAO) for early Meiyu onset and v.v.. Result also indicates that there exists pronounced correlation between the MOD and the SST over North Atlantic in the previous winter-to-spring with positive SST anomalies for early Meiyu onset and negative anomalies for late Meiyu onset,which has the implies important indication for Meiyu onset predication.

Abstract:Relations of staple crops′ yields to precipitation in Shandong Province are investigated.The precipitation′s dynamic contribution to the yields is achieved, based on which optimal artificial raining is timely determined. Furthermore, the economic benefit brought about by artificial raining is appraised.

Abstract:In this paper,a sufficient and necessary condition for an angular mapping to belong to a standardized univalent function set S is obtained and the Koebe domain of a subset of S determined.

Abstract:How severely Generation 3 (G3) maize borer breaks out in Southwest Shandong and when it lays the most eggs are related to sea-surface temperature (SST) of the North Pacific. Predominant correlative zones are found and the SST in the zones is used to establish a forecasting model for the borersoutbreak degree and egg peak date. Results show that the model is applicable and can make a forecast 20 days ahead of the borers breaking out.

Abstract:It is found from the field observations of cotton crop treated with excessive ultraviolet(UV) that the shape of plant, physiological activity and yield are all influenced to different extent which depends on how strong the UV is, and then the influence is investigated in detail in this paper. Results are of significance in understanding climatic effects on crop growth.

Abstract:According to the distribution of marine meteorological observatories in the whole country and their tasks, combining the plan to establish the east bridgehead of New Eurasian Continental bridge, to build a major international port, and to develop marine special region economy, with the reality of the development of meteorological modernization in Lianyungang, a comprehensive plan is proposed of the four aspects of marine meteorological observation and disaster monitoring, marine meteorological data and realtime information transmission, marine meteorological forecasts and services, featuring rich custom orientated meteorological forecast products and Multimedia services for various users.

Abstract:Theoriesofmultiple equilibrium and resonance caused by externalforces, solitary wave and dipole, the KDV dynam ics in a forced dissipative atm osphere, excitation mecha-nisms of synoptic disturbances and theiradvances in the dynam ics ofatm ospheric blocking aresum marized in thispaper,and itsprospects are also given.