Abstract:In the context of clear-sky solar total radiation (CKSTR)data from stations in Beijing,Lhasa, etc.,study is made of the possibility of the Berlyand theoretical expression Q₀=I₀sinh/1+ƒm=for the CKSTR parameterization,where ƒ is a parameter,others being in conventional notation. And the parameterized ƒ takes the form ƒ=0.181+0.0688 n(1+e)with e as vapor pressure. Sensitivity analysis and retrieval verificat ion show the theoretical formula to be of higher fitting accuracy(the mean relative error of 4.1%).As is calculated and confirmed,the CKSTR changes linearly with pressure in the free atmosphere,In the end,ƒ is examined withregard to some of its physical and climatic characteristics.

Abstract:In terms of one-point correlation method,calculation is made for spring northern hemisphere 500 hPa teleconnections with the result of five patterns,with their central positions greatly shifted as compared to the wintertime situation.Further,the 1951～1990 yearly intensity indices are investigated together with their interannual variations,indicating the vigor of the Western Pacific(WP)and Eurasian(EU)patterns in April is closely linked to large-scale rainfall conditions(wetness or dryness)for the month over China.

Abstract:Based on recursive similarity,a scheme is proposed for numerically solving the problem of initial values, differing from the traditional method in that the solution can come down to calculating the evolution coefficient. Presented therein is the algorithm of the initial value for an ordinary differential equation or the system. Also,the relation of the proposed scheme to the traditional one is illustrated.

Abstract:Using the 1958～199l data and one-point correlation scheme,northern 30 hPa monthly mean height teleconnection Patterns for March and April are studied with their characteristic indices,causes and relation to the E1 Niño event occurring subsequently in the equatorial eastern Pacific.

Abstract:ln the context of l946～1979(1980)monthly mean temperature series and a neural network multilevel mapping model,a fractal D₀=2.8 is derived for the system wherewith a three-level model is constructed of the form i×j=3×2,k=1,by which mean temperatureis predicted for each of the months,1980(1981) whose values are correlated at 0.97(0.98)with the observations compared to the correlation of 0.999(0.994) if the monthly mean prediction is made from the measurement of the previous month.

Abstract:Abstract Performed in this paper is rotated EOF analysis of normalized anomaly fields of winter monthly mean temperatures of China and the first six REOFs are taken to represent main spatial patterns,1.e,of South China,NE China,western NW China,eastern Tibetan Plateau,SW China and North China,Analvsis of their time coefficients for the related temporal evolutionsshows that 1) a remarkable warming trend occurs in other regions than the Tibetan Plateau and South China, 2) opposite signs of anomaly are dominant in the early and late winter’ and 3) the NW China pattern are in phase behind the Plateau pattern but ahead of the others when they arein the same period.

Abstract:Based on mechnical description of characteristics of a lighter body moving in anaccelerating fluid,investigation is performed of the application of the principles to continental displacement.Evidence suggests that the plates become inclined due to the earth’s rotation;the inclination depends on the "convection″of the mantle for its head down-or upward;the continental drifting equatorward resuIts from the effects of the couple produced by inertial centrifugal force and related additional force for the plate′s southern down-and northern upward inclination,thereby leading to its equatorward movement.

Abstract:The problem of a tropical cyclone lcoping counterclockwise is investigated using aquasi-geostrophic baroclinic model without basic flow involved.Analyses show that asymmetri cvorticity advected by symmetric flow gives rise to the counterclockwise rotation of small-scalegyres and ventilation flow in the asymmetric field,the latter of which is responsible for the counterclockwise looping of the tropical cyclone.

Abstract:Based on a range of experiemts on the MOMS model in terms of various nested scheme,the Davies flow relaxation scheme,able to give satisfactory results and less complicated in operation,is selected with the forecast values of the T42 spectrum used as the mesh boundary values.The improved MOMS version and the original model are run with the same event and their resuIts compared.Evidence suggests that the former is better for it takes into account the forcing of the meso system around the boundary in a large-scale circulation background field,thus improved the practical capability of the limited-area model.

Abstract:Case study is made of 1987～1992 typhoons landing north of Shantou,South China,indicating that i)categories of the onland activity and rainstorms far away from the storms bear relation to modes of activity offshore and ii) such rainfall depends on the presence of a mesoscalewarm sector in the low-level southeasterly around the landing,with the fallout band associated with the relative position of the warm sector to the typhcon′s and the subtropical high′s centers whereupon a synoptical model is constructed for distant typhoon-rainstorm.

Abstract:Kinetic energy balance and distribution were computed and compared for land edtyphoons 8116 and 8407,the former decaying quickly and the latter maintained for long before disintegration, ResuIts show that the short-lived storm was related to the horizontal flux divergence of upper troposphere kinetic energy and cross-isobaric motion,and the long-lived one had input of kinetic/potential energy from the ambient atmosphere, presumably an important cause of the persistent maintenance of the typhcon′s warm depression,In the end,relation was investigated between the horizontal flux divergence and typhcon heavy rain enhancement.

Abstract:The four seasonal temperature fields are divided into 7,7,6 and 5 natural regions for spring,summer,autumn and Winter,respectively,using rotated principal component analysis.Their maximum entropy spectrum analysis shows that quasi-biennial and quasi-seven-year periods are available in the regional temperatures marked by strong regionality and seasonality.

Abstract:In the context of 1981～1985 February/August 200 radiosonde profiles from Shanghai,numerically studied are the capability of a ground-based 3-channel(23.8,31.4 and 94GHz) microwave radiometer to remotely sense the atmospheric vapor and total content of liquid water and the accuracy for reducing the atmospheric excess propagation path length with the device.

Abstract:On the basis of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, turbulence characteristic parameters U_*,T_*and L, wind speed and temperature profile parameters βand γ are determined by means of the iteration method,using the experimental data over a wheat field. The semi-empirical expressions of universal functions are given,The influence of the stratified stability on wind and temperature profiles curvatures,profile parameters and the universal functions is discussed also in this paper.

Abstract:A scheme is proposed for constructing a kinematic model for the XZ- I robot in termsof the geometry in the linkcoordinate system for investigating the arc-welding robot′S structure.The model′s solution is easy,simplifying the solution of traditional nonlinear equations, thereby improving the efficiency of the machine′s operation.ResuIt shows that the proposed scheme is ofsome practical usefulness.

Abstract:This paper concerns the varying influence of increased ultraviolen radiation (UVR) on wheat growth,physiology and yield formation and the effect associated with UVR enhancement is found to bear relation to such ambient factors as light,heat and water,and while in stressstate, some of these factors can produce some amount of screening,or weaking of the UVB impact on wheat growth.

Abstract:In the light of China SMA′s standards,developed is a remote sensing data collecting system that consists of the circuit of meteorological sensors interface for data gathering and software operating the main computer for this purpose,Also′detailed are the sensor,hard-and software structures,The proposed system uses components of 8032,E² PROM, DS 1287 and GAL,thereby simplifying the circuit designing,whereby the reliability is improved.

Abstract:Obtained are a few typical patterns of wind change versus height in the boundary layer through analysis of 1987 profiles and meridionally and zonally mean vertical circulation cells for different levels from surface up to 3000 m. Further,a pair of vertical cells meridionally opposite1n direction of motion is observed in the boundary layer east of 108°E. Thev bear some relation to the distribution of pollutant concentration and the vertical transportation over China, which provides an important basis for further understanding vertical flowfields in the low-level ambientat mosphere and investigating the diffusion and transfer of atmospheric pollutants in China.

Abstract:In terms of stationary weather satellite IR images at a 3-h interval,study is performedof the spatial distribution features of clouds over the Tibetan Plateau in summer.Arainfall-estimation model is constructed with the images and rainfall data in JuneAugust, 1981～1983 for the highland.Tests show that the scheme is of high value to the precipitation estin1ation over the research region where stations are sparse and the record incomplete.Therefore, the model provides a usefull basis for exploring the climatology,and the distribution of water resource inthis highland.

Abstract:A mathematical model based on principal component linear weighing is established for multi-target appraising meteorological calamities dangering Yili grazery.The model is used to evaluate the disasters on a yearly basis,which are then categorized,followed by extracting a large volume of useful information as a quantitative basis for the layout of the strategy for thegrazery development.

Abstract:This article presents time scaling analysis, indicating the NW Pacific cyclone′s track is a non-scaling system,whose associated variance spectrum follows a law raised to the negative 2nd～3rd power as a function increasing frequency, whichholds for any of the studies tracks.It leads to the predictable time scale of 3～4days for most of the tracks observed in a range of seasons and regions, The anomalous paths are found to be predictable only for l～2days,however.

Abstract:In the context of January and annual mean temperatures from Lanzhou, Shanghai and their neighborhcod,study is undertaken of the influence of urbanization on the long-term evolution of temperature. ResuIts show that such impact is innegligible when considering the localized warming of climate.

Abstract:Based on the 1956～1991 data from the″yphcon Yearbcok″,study is made of the weather/climate conditions for enhanced rainstorm in North China from onland typhoOns moving northward,proposing criterion for computing rainfall increase,which can serve as a basis for forecasting criterion study.