Abstract:A new scheme is proposed for determining the standard deviationof Doppler velocity in the static atmosphere based on the radar reflec-tivity factor Z from the conventional weather radar and the rainfallrate I from the ordinary rain gauge. The raindrop size distribution indifferent types of precipitation is calculated by this method. Compari-son is made between the result using this method and that using thedefinition equation under the Rayleigh scattering condition. The averagerelative errors are found within 15-30%.

Abstract:In this paper, a substrate utilization function is designed to simu-late the functioning of the enzyme system which manipulates the par-titioning of substrate in rice bodies. According to the carbon balancerule and the Michaelis-Menten law, a group of numerical simulationmodels, which can be used to quantitatively describe the relationshipbetween weather factors and the vegetative growth and yield formationof rice crop, are set up.

Abstract:In this paper, a stochastic model which can provide simulativerecords of daily precipitation at any single station is constructed bythe use of the multi-state one-order Markov chain based on the theoryof random simulation. Secular climatological-statistical features of dailyprecipitation can be obtained at any single station by means of themodel. Results show that all the climatological-statistical parameters onthe simulative records are highly consistent with those on the historicalrecords for each monthly precipitation at the five representative testingstations. It has been proved that the stochastic simulation is not onlyeffective but also of universal significance.

Abstract:Meteorological and citrus data are obtained from the two basicpoints (Dongshan, Wuxian county, Jiangsu province and Xinhuacounty, Hunan province) and the area consisting of 18 counties in China’s eastern subtropics, and the relationship between the formation of citrus quality and meteorological conditions are examined in bothtime and spatial sequencies. Studies are made on the trend relation be-tween the variations of meteorological factors and citrus quality at thetwo points and on the effects of meteorological conditions of differentlatitudes, elevations, topographies and locations on citrus quality in the18-county area. It is found by curve function simulation that the dire-ctivity function curves fit well with actual processes in the formationof citrus quality. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientificgrounds for the development of citrus production and the exploitationof the climatic resources in China’s eastern subtropics.

Abstract:A model for the growth of the late rice variety "Wufugen" to-gether with diagnostic suggestions is presented using the statistical method based on secular climatic data and crop growth observations at Changzhou and taking into account the rice ecological principle and cultivation experiences. A microcomputer expert system displayed in Chinese characters is used to predict the dynamic conditions of the phenological phases and yield components of rice. The result of this research is suitable to the present scientific and technical levels of China’s basic departments responsible for agricultural production andcan be used to direct productive activities in large areas.

Abstract:Based on the calculation of the direct solar radiation on level sur-faces and considering the influence of the slope on its distribution,this paper proposes a climatological method for calculating the directsolar radiation in mountainous areas. The influence of the topographical shadow of the slope is examined. In addition, time and space dis-tributions of the direct solar radiation in China’s eastern subtropical mountainous areas are discussed by analyzing the data for the 20 in-clined north and south slopes.

Abstract:Similarities and differences in the climate and the crop climate between Missouri, America and Hebei province, China are analyzed and their agro-climatological analogous areas are thus located based on the calculationof the distance coefficients.Besides, the reliability of reflecting the simi-lar extent of climate and agroclimate by distance coefficients is examinedand described, thereby providing agroclimatological basis for introducingand taming fine crop varieties and exchanging agrotechniques betweenthe two regions.

Abstract:On June 11, 1985 a severe squall line with a wide trailing stratiformregion passed through the meso-netwrok of PRE-STORM in Kansas-Okla-homa.A total of 53 rawinsonde observations made at 14 stations wereused to make a composite analysis of the kinematic and thermo dynamicstructure of the squall line at its mature and dissipating stages. The frame of the air flows relative to the traveling squall line systemincluded a warm moist front-rear inflow and a cold dry rear-front inflow.In the convective region divergence was observed at the upper and con-vergence at the lower level,thus causing an updraft in the whole tropo-sphere.In the stratiform region convergence was observed at the middlelevel with an updraft at the upper and a downdraft at the lower. A mid-level vortex could be found below the stratiform region.The distribution of the vertical motion was consistent with the radar reflectivity distri-bution which is characterized by a convective echo, a stratiform echowith a secondary maximum region inside,and a transition zone between the convective echo and the secondary maximum region. The results were compared with the mid-latitude squall line deline-ated by Ogura and Liou(1980).

Abstract:In this paper the distrete power spectrum and periodogram are usedto analyze the N-value multi frequency oscillation of the mean ten dayatmospheric refraction index in the area of Nanjing for the first ten days ofJune from 1951 through 1980.It is found that the main oscillation for the N-unit value has a cycle of five years in the 30-year period and the yearswith the peak N-value coincide quite well with those with the peak precipitation.

Abstract:The random disturbance of the diffusion parameters σ_y and σ_z isanalyzed with the conclusions: (1) wind speed has a significant impacton the variation of σ_y and σ_z with the leeward distancc and (2) therandom disturbance cannot be neglected in the calculation of the shortterm concentration model. These conclusions have been confirmed bythe diffusion data obtained from the Dachang area of Nanjing for Octo-ber 1983 and wind speed correction has been made for the variation σ_yand σ_z with the leeward distance. The probability of the diffusion pa-rameters obtained from the probability distribution of wind speed canthus be used to describe the probability distribution of the short-termdistribution.

Abstract:Spectral analysis has been made of the daily precipitation from Juneto August of 1972, 1979 and 1980 in the South, the Southwest and theYangzi River valley of China. Quasi-two-week and one-week oscillations are obvious in these areas. Also, the possible relation between precipi-tatiun oscillation and summer monsoon has been analyzed, indicating thatthe weather process in which quasi-two-week oscillation propagates in China may be the quasi-two-week variation of the western extension and northward movement of the subtropical high.

Abstract:Agrometeorological conditions for early rice growth at differentstages are classified by Fuzzy cluster analysis.A set of agrometeoro-logical models are used in simulation experiments on a computer for the growth and yield under possible combinations of the conditions. Influ-encing indices C_α and C are constructed as the criterion for the quan-titative assessment of agrometeorological conditions. The early rice growthand dynamic moditoring of yield from the terminal output provide infor-mation service and schemes for decision of early rice planting. Besides,the planting density in the area of Shanghai is discussed in terms of de-cision analysis.