Abstract:The key dynamic forcing factors and sources of water vapor influencing the remote heavy rainfall over North China produced by Typhoon Lekima on 10 August 2019 are investigated using the surface rain gauge data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and ECWMF ensemble forecasts data. Ensemble sensitivity analysis shows that low-level relative vorticity over the remote typhoon precipitation (TRP) area is the most significant dynamic factor facilitating TRP. The stronger low-level relative vorticity is closely associated with the enhancement of northerly winds in the north caused by the deepening of the low-level short-wave trough and jointly related to the strengthening low-level southerly winds between the TRP and typhoon precipitation (TP) area. The divergence term of relative vorticity is the crucial dynamic process that dominates the strengthening and weakening period of TRP. During the TRP enhancement phase, the positive vorticity is mainly contributed by the positive divergence term, while the negative divergence term leads to the decrease of relative vorticity and the weakening of TRP intensity. The water vapor in the TRP region at 500 hPa is mainly contributed by local area and Typhoon Lekima, while 60% of the water vapor at 700 hPa is contributed by Typhoon Lekima. 40% of the water vapor at 850 hPa is contributed by Typhoon Rosa, and the remaining 60% of water vapor is transported from Typhoon Lekima and the local area.