Polar sea ice is an important component of the earth's climate system,and also an indicator and amplifier of climate and environmental changes.The complex multi-scale physical processes of polar sea ice and the lack of polar observations have brought huge challenges to research and development of sea ice models.In the past half-century,the mathematical descriptions of complex interactions of atmosphere-sea ice-ocean and sea ice internal physical processes in sea ice models have made significant progresses,but there are still problems to describe some important physical processes realistically,especially the rapid changes of polar sea ice and its physical properties in recent years have greatly increased the uncertainty of physical parameterization schemes and simulation results of sea ice models.Therefore,it is urgent to have a high-resolution sea ice model that has complete physical processes and adapts to rapid multi-scale changes of polar sea ice,and the model is applied to the research and prediction of global climate change and the development and utilization of polar regions.This paper elaborates and discusses the development history and status of sea ice models,the challenges brought by rapid changes of polar sea ice,and the research directions of improvement and development of sea ice model that adapts to rapid polar sea ice changes.