基于CloudSat与CALIPSO联合观测研究全球云分布特征
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA06017);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020Y011)


Global distribution of clouds based on CloudSat and CALIPSO combined observations
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    摘要:

    利用2007—2010年CloudSat和CALIPSO资料,统计分析了全球云出现频率以及云量的水平和垂直分布,并与单独CloudSat资料得到的结果进行对比,讨论了CALIPSO观测到的云的空间分布特性。结果表明:全球平均总云量约0.69,云量高值区主要集中在南半球60°S附近西风带、北太平洋风暴路径带,其次是赤道辐合带(InTertropical Convergence Zone,简称ITCZ),而云量低值区集中在北非沙漠地区及印度洋北部等地。CloudSat/CALIPSO资料与CERES等多种云观测资料获得的总云量分布都基本一致,但CloudSat/CALIPSO资料联合使用能更好地反应云的垂直结构。将联合观测的统计结果与仅使用CloudSat资料统计的云量分布结果对比,可以发现,CALIPSO在陆地上方可以观测到更多云雷达探测不到的高空冰云,且随着温度的降低,观测优势越来越明显;同时还可以观测到一些海洋上层云光学厚度较薄且未形成降水的暖云以及粒径较小的过冷水云。CALIPSO观测到的云顶粒子半径较小但数浓度较大的冰云主要分布在ITCZ、南半球60°S附近西风带和北太平洋风暴路径带地区,云量最大为0.31,占该温度下冰云总量的28%以上;而这些未形成降水的暖云主要是在10~20℃温度范围内南北美洲和南非西海岸地区,云量最大可达到0.4,占该温度下暖云总量的50%以上;过冷水云则主要是在-10℃~0℃温度范围内的南半球60°S附近西风带,云量也增加了0.1以上,约占混合云的15%。

    Abstract:

    This study,using the CloudSat and CALIPSO data products from 2007 to 2010,statistically analyzed the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of cloud cover and frequency of clouds.Subsequently,the study then compared the results with CloudSat data alone,so as to discuss the spatial distribution characteristic of clouds as observed by CALIPSO.The results show that the global mean total cloud amount is 0.69,with the high values mainly concentrated in the southern hemisphere near the 60°S westerlies,north Pacific storm track and equatorial convergence zone(ITCZ),and low values occurring in the North African desert regions and northern Indian Ocean.The distribution of total cloud amount obtained by the CloudSat/CALIPSO data is basically consistent with that obtained by various cloud observations such as CERES,yet the CloudSat/CALIPSO combination data are able to better respond to the cloud vertical structure,and provide a stronger basis for the global cloud region.Upon comparing the statistical results of the joint observations with the distribution results of clouds using CloudSat data alone,it was determined that high ice clouds over land could be detected more accurately by CALIPSO rather than by radar.In addition,with the decrease in temperature,the advantage of the identification of clouds becomes more apparent.At the same time,CALIPSO is also able to observe some warm clouds with thinner upper cloud optical thickness and no precipitation,as well as small particle size.Ice clouds observed by CALIPSO which have a small particle radius on the top are mainly distributed in the ITCZ,the southern hemisphere near 60°S westerlies and north Pacific storm track belt region.These warm clouds with no precipitation are mainly found in the 10—20 ℃ temperature range of North and South America and South Africa's west coast,while supercooled water clouds are mainly found in the -10—0 ℃ temperature range of the southern hemisphere near the 60°S westerlies.

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唐雅慧,周毓荃,蔡淼,马茜蓉,2020.基于CloudSat与CALIPSO联合观测研究全球云分布特征[J].大气科学学报,43(5):917-931. TANG Yahui, ZHOU Yuquan, CAI Miao, MA Qianrong,2020. Global distribution of clouds based on CloudSat and CALIPSO combined observations[J]. Trans Atmos Sci,43(5):917-931. DOI:10.13878/j. cnki. dqkxxb.20180104001

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-04
  • 最后修改日期:2018-12-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-11-06
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