Abstract:Based on the temperature and precipitation data of 160 stations in China from 1951 to 2010,this paper analyzed the climate average and climate variability of temperature and precipitation in winter and summer at the representative stations in China,as well as their differences between the former and later 30 years.Furthermore,the differences are tested by two different types of significance test methods.Results show that the change of climate average of seasonal temperature is generally consistent with the global warming,mainly warming up,but a significant local cooling phenomenon occurs in the south of Qinling Mountains and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in summer.The change of climate variability of seasonal temperature is relatively small,and the overall change in winter is not significant,and only a few stations change significantly in summer.The climate change of seasonal total precipitation is not obvious on the whole.The spatial distribution of seasonal precipitation climate value changes is complex,and it increases in southern China in winter and eastern China in summer,while the changes of climate variability of winter and summer precipitation are not significant.For the differences of significance test results between the theoretical test method (t-test and F-test) and the stochastic simulation method (EMC (empirical Monte Carlo) method),they are small for the temperature and relatively large for the precipitation,which is related to whether the sample anomaly series obeys the normal distribution.Under the condition that the statistical characteristics of the samples remain unchanged,the EMC method can make the test results more reliable by multiple random simulations without considering the theoretical statistical distribution characteristics of the samples.