Warm winter prevailed in China from the late 1980s to the beginning 2000,and then cold winter seems to be more frequent.Intensity of winter extremely cold events appears to be further strengthened in the context of global warming and Arctic sea ice decline,its impacts have been concerned by the public and media.In the above context,East Asia suffered extremely cold events during January of 2012 and 2016.Thus the motivation of the present study is to investigate dominant features of the two extremely cold events and their possible linkages with Arctic warm anomalies.Evoluions of atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the two extremely cold events are quite distinct from each other.For the extremly cold event in January 2012,SLP anomalies display a westward propogation process,during which the Aleutian Low led the Siberian High,indicating that the effect of downstream of atmospheric circulation anomalies plays important roles in resulting in the westward propogation.For another event,cold air mass exhibited a southeastward migration.The routes of the low-temperature area are also distinct for the two events.The former,cold air mass was mainly confined to the mid-and high-latitudes of Eurasia and migrated westward,and its impact on the low-latitudes of Asia was weaker relative to the latter.For the cold event in January 2016,the low-temperature area propaged southward along East Asian coast and affacted the tropic region.Atmospheric circulation anomalies exhibited a common feature prior to the outbreak of both extremely cold events:enhanced height ridges extended northward and transported more warmer air mass from the low-latitudes into the Arctic,and there was a multipole structure in the mid-troposphere of high-latitudes.This multipole sturcture is an important precoursor for outbreak of cold air mass.During wintertime,a rapid warming process in the Arctic can be attributed to enhanced warm ridge and its extension northward.Enhancement and extension northward of warm ridges over the Ural Mountain and West coast of North America and their coordinated evolution are critical for a extremely cold process to affect East Asia.The extremely cold event in East Asia in January 2016 did not exhibit a relation with a rapid Arctic warming process in December 2015.