Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy(NCEP-DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project Phase-Ⅱ(AMIP-Ⅱ) reanalysis data,the sea surface temperature data of Hadley Center and the observed rainfall data of 160 stations in China during 1979-2014,this paper investigated variation of summer Atlantic Niño and its association with summer rainfall anomaly in China by using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis and regression analysis methods.Results suggest that the summer Atlantic Niño is the first EOF mode of SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean,with a variance contribution rate of 33.7% and an obvious interannual variation.When the Atlantic Niño is in the warm phase in summer,there is an obvious anomalous anticyclone in the lower troposphere over the western North Pacific.Under the influence of the anticyclone,the western Pacific subtropical high enhances and extends westward,and the southwest wind anomaly appears in South China,which is conducive to the water vapor transport from the Southwest side of the western Pacific subtropical high to the Yangtze River Basin and its north area,so the precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin and North China increases,while the southeast coastal area of China is controlled by the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific,which is not conducive to the occurrence of precipitation,and vice versa.