Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles are important atmospheric parameters and play an important role in numerical weather forecasting and weather warning.In order to obtain high-precision profile data of atmospheric temperature and water vapor mixing ratio,this paper studied a variational retrieval method of atmospheric temperature and water vapor mixing ratio profiles based on the Metop-A/IASI infrared hyperspectral data.Based on the radiance data of IASI hyperspectral sensors,combined with the forecasting technology of CRTM model and WRF model,using one dimensional variational method,this paper studied the quality control of satellite data,background error covariance localization and observation error covariance methods,constructed a variational retrieval system for atmospheric temperature and water vapor mixing radio profiles,and carried out the retrieval tests in Beijing,Qingdao and Shenyang.Comparison of retrieval results with sounding data as a standard shows that,using the WRF model forecast values as the background field,the average absolute error of temperature(water vapor mixing ratio) is less than 0.6 K(0.021 g/kg),and the root mean square error is 0.89 K(0.02 g/kg).The experimental results show that based on the one dimensional variational method,the Metop-A/IASI infrared hyperspectral data can be used for the high-precision detection of atmospheric temperature and water vapor mixing ratio profiles.