Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the daily precipitation of 25 stations in southern China,the relationship between the anomalies of the summer precipitation in southern China and the upper level geopotential height and temperature anomalies in the spring and summer 2003 was analyzed.Results show that the Subtropical Anticyclone over the Western Pacific during the summer 2003 shifted southward and northward,and controled the most part of the southern China,which resulted generally in the meager rainfall in the area during the summer.The South Asian High in the summer 2003 was much stronger than normal and extended eastward,dynamically inducing the westward extension of the Subtropical Anticyclone over the Western Pacific.The overlay area of the South Asian High and the Subtropical Anticyclone corresponds primarily to the area with drought.In addition,the summer precipitation in southern China correlated significantly with the temperature at 100 hPa with a lag of 1—2 months.The previous temperature anomalies at 100 hPa in middle and high latitudes may serve as an important predictor for the drought and flood in southern China.